| Procedures/Activities: |
1.)Pre-Activity:
Run off copies of the game grid. (See attachment) Choose common elements, which have characteristics that have been previously discussed, or that should be reinforced during the activity. These might include all 92 naturally occurring elements or 30 to 40 of those considered important. The teacher may wish to use an additional assignment the day prior to "Periodic Table Bingo" by passing out 3 x 5 inch index cards, one to each student, with specific instructions to return the cards with symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass shown on one side. On a piece of paper, students should record general research information found on one assigned element. Using the information table in the "Periodic Table" attachment, make up questions on each element to be used during the activity. These should be recorded on the reverse of the index Clue Card for that element and laminated for future use. Periodic Tables of the Elements should be obtained and laminated for use during the game. The questions asked should reflect the Course of Study objectives and level of the student. Hand out grids to the students. Ask them to fill in only the symbols of the common elements. They may be asked to do this randomly or with certain columns or rows containing specific information (i.e., Column I could be noble gases; Column II, nonmetals; Column III, transition metals; Column IV, light metals; and Column V, metalloids). The students should be encouraged to choose their own elements randomly because if they duplicate the chart of other students, there will be no way to determine a winner. Make sure the symbols chosen correspond to cards/questions prepared beforehand.
2.)See Student Handout (attachment).
3.)Activity:
Have students clear their desks of all but a Bingo Card and a Periodic Table of Elements. Shuffle the Clue Cards and place them in a container. Choose the pattern that will be formed to produce the winner (i.e., one column or row, an "X" diagonally, or even the whole card covered). Draw the information cards randomly. Read all or part of the information/questions on the Clue Card. The game could be as simple as reading the name and/or atomic number of the element chosen or as demanding as requiring specific information in answer to questions about the oxidation number, classification, charge of ion formed, or examples of compounds formed by the element. Allow the students time to determine if that symbol is found on their cards and mark it. Students will "Bingo" when they cover the appropriate pattern. Some reward should be given to the winner.
4.)Student Questions and Answers:
a. Determine the "atomic number" and "atomic mass" for each of the first 20 elements on the Periodic Table of Elements. See the Key for the Periodic Table of Elements used.
b. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are contained in the first 20 elements? See Periodic Table. Example: Chlorine - atomic number: 17, rounded atomic mass: 35. Number of protons and electrons is the same as the atomic number, so chlorine has 17 protons and 17 electrons. The difference between the atomic number and the atomic mass is 18 (35-17), so its most common isotope has 18 neutrons.
c. Identify each element and determine whether it would be classified as a metal, nonmetal, metalloid, or noble gas. What patterns/trends do you recognize as you move consecutively from element 1 to element 20?
Metals: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Beryllium, Magnesium, and Calcium
Nonmetals: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Sulfur, Fluorine, and Chlorine
Metalloids: Hydrogen, Boron, Aluminum, and Silicon
Noble Gases: Helium, Neon, and Argon
As one moves from Element I (Hydrogen) to Element 20 (Calcium) consecutively, one goes from metal to metalloid to nonmetal to noble gas (Elements 3-10); and the pattern repeats for Elements 11-18. This periodicity is the basis for the organization of the Periodic Table of Elements.
d. Determine the number of outer shell or valence electrons contained in each atom for elements 1-20.
The number in parenthesis is the number of outer shell electrons for each element listed.
Metals: Lithium (1), Sodium (1), Potassium (l), Beryllium (2), Magnesium (2), and Calcium (2)
Nonmetals: Carbon (4), Nitrogen (5), Phosphorus (5), Oxygen (6), Sulfur (6), Fluorine (7), Chlorine (7)
Metalloids: Hydrogen (1), Boron (3), Aluminum (3), and Silicon (4)
Noble Gases: Helium (2), Neon (8), and Argon (8)
e. Predict the ionic charge of each element, 1-20, that would have one. Explain why you decided not to assign an ionic charge to some elements.
True metals and nonmetals tend to react ionically with each other under normal conditions and exhibit ionic charges. Nonmetals and metalloids tend to form binary compounds with each other that are more covalent in nature.
Metals: Lithium (1+), Sodium (1+), Potassium(1+), Beryllium (2+), Magnesium(2+), and Calcium (2+)
Nonmetals: Nitrogen (3-), Phosphorus (3-), Oxygen (2-), Sulfur (2-), Fluorine (1-), and Chlorine (1-)
5.)Additional Questions:
a. Select two elements on the Periodic Table of Elements that exhibit somewhat similar characteristics and discuss why you think they do.
b. Select an element on the chart that would make a good partner in a compound with copper.
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