a. Make predictions to determine main idea and anticipate an ending. (Alabama)

a. Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page. [RF.K.1a]

b. Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters. [RF.K.1b]

c. Understand that words are separated by spaces in print. [RF.K.1c]

d. Recognize and name all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet. [RF.K.1d]

a. Recognize and produce rhyming words. [RF.K.2a]

b. Count, pronounce, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words. [RF.K.2b]

c. Blend and segment onsets and rimes of single-syllable spoken words. [RF.K.2c]

d. Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in three-phoneme (consonant-vowel-consonant, or CVC) words. (This does not include CVCs ending with /l/, /r/, or /x/.) (Words, syllables, or phonemes written in /slashes/ refer to their pronunciation or phonology. Thus, /CVC/ is a word with three phonemes regardless of the number of letters in the spelling of the word.) [RF.K.2d]

e. Add or substitute individual sounds (phonemes) in simple, one-syllable words to make new words. [RF.K.2e]

a. Demonstrate basic knowledge of one-to-one letter-sound correspondences by producing the primary or many of the most frequent sounds for each consonant. [RF.K.3a]

b. Associate the long and short sounds with common spellings (graphemes) for the five major vowels. [RF.K.3b]

c. Read common high-frequency words by sight (e.g., the, of, to, you, she, my, is, are, do, does). [RF.K.3c]

d. Distinguish between similarly spelled words by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ. [RF.K.3d]

a. Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others and taking turns speaking about the topics and texts under discussion). [SL.K.1a]

b. Continue a conversation through multiple exchanges. [SL.K.1b]

a. Print many uppercase and lowercase letters. [L.K.1a]

b. Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs. [L.K.1b]

c. Form regular plural nouns orally by adding /s/ or /es/ (e.g., dog, dogs; wish, wishes). [L.K.1c]

d. Understand and use question words (interrogatives) (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how). [L.K.1d]

e. Use the most frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., to, from, in, out, on, off, for, of, by, with). [L.K.1e]

f. Produce and expand complete sentences in shared language activities. [L.K.1f]

a. Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun I. [L.K.2a]

b. Recognize and name end punctuation. [L.K.2b]

c. Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short-vowel sounds (phonemes). [L.K.2c]

d. Spell simple words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships. [L.K.2d]

a. Identify new meanings for familiar words and apply them accurately (e.g., knowing duck is a bird and learning the verb to duck). [L.K.4a]

b. Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word. [L.K.4b]

a. Sort common objects into categories (e.g., shapes, foods) to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent. [L.K.5a]

b. Demonstrate understanding of frequently occurring verbs and adjectives by relating them to their opposites (antonyms). [L.K.5b]

c. Identify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., note places at school that are colorful). [L.K.5c]

d. Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs describing the same general action (e.g., walk, march, strut, prance) by acting out the meanings. [L.K.5d]