Examples:

- past-shopping in general stores, attending frontier schools in one-room buildings;

- present-shopping in national chain superstores, attending contemporary schools with multiple classrooms

•  Using vocabulary to describe segments of time

Examples: year, decade, century

Examples:Abraham Lincoln rising from poverty and achieving position of President of the United States, Heather Whitestone coping with hearing loss and achieving title of Miss America, Nat "King" Cole struggling with segregation and becoming a world-renowned singer, Arthur George (A. G.) Gaston overcoming lack of completion of high school education and becoming exceptional businessman and developer and owner of one of the largest African-American businesses in the United States, Nelson Mandela confronting apartheid and receiving the Nobel Peace Prize

Examples: interviews with grandparents, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, video of Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon, newspaper reports of current elections, video about Sheyann Webb and her involvement in Selma's voting rights

Examples: Children's Day in Japan, Veterans Day in the United States, Bastille Day in France, Cinco de Mayo in Mexico, New Year celebrations in China

Examples: tracing milk supply from production on the farm to grocery stores and to consumers, tracing the manufacturing of technological components in other countries to consumers in the United States

•  Discussing the impact of consumer choices and decisions

Example: cost of buying and caring for a pet

•  Making informed decisions about borrowing and saving

Examples:

- human-made-paper;

- natural-crude oil

Examples: land use, housing, occupations

•  Comparing physical features of regions throughout the world

Example: discussing differences in a desert environment, a tropical rainforest, and a polar region

•  Identifying positive and negative ways people affect the environment

Examples:

- positive-restocking fish in lakes, oceans, and rivers; reforesting cleared land;

- negative-polluting water; throwing trash on roadways; causing erosion

•  Identifying map elements, including title, legend, and scale

•  Identifying intermediate directions

•  Utilizing key elements on maps and globes to estimate routes

Example: using a map scale to estimate the shortest route from one state to another or from Birmingham, Alabama, to Athens, Greece

Examples:

- rights-voting, freedom of speech;

- responsibilities-paying taxes

•  Explaining the voting process and the use of results

Example: telling how some national and world issues are settled by voting

•  Identifying acts of patriotism and symbols of the United States

Examples:

- acts-reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag, standing during the national anthem;

- symbols-Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell

•  Describing responsibilities of state, national, and world leaders

Examples: being an appointed or elected official, being a parent or guardian, being a police officer

•  Describing the appropriate use as well as the misuse of power and authority

Examples:

- use-determining safety rules;

- misuse-showing disrespect for personal freedoms

•  Discussing how and why people from various cultures immigrated to the United States

Examples:

- how-ships, planes, automobiles;

- why-improved quality of life, family connections, agricultural disasters