Examples: weather/climate maps, physical relief maps, waterway maps, transportation maps, political boundary maps, economic development maps, land-use maps, population maps

• Discussing patterns and types of migrations as they affect the environment, agriculture, economic development, and population changes in Alabama

Examples:

- prehistoric Native Americans-Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian;

- historic Native Americans-Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek

• Identifying locations of prehistoric and historic Native Americans in Alabama

• Describing types of prehistoric life in Alabama

Examples: plants, animals, people

• Identifying roles of archaeologists and paleontologists

• Locating European settlements in early Alabama

• Explaining reasons for conflicts between Europeans and Native Americans in Alabama from 1519 to 1840

Examples: differing beliefs regarding land ownership, religious differences, cultural differences, broken treaties

• Identifying main causes, key people, and historical documents of the American Revolution and the new nation

Examples:

- main causes-taxation, lack of representation, distrust of centralized power;

- key people-George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin;

- historical documents-Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States

• Naming social, political, and economic outcomes of the Creek Civil War and the Creek War in Alabama

Examples:

- social-adoption of European culture by Native Americans, opening of Alabama land for settlement;

- political-breaking of power of Native Americans, labeling of Andrew Jackson as a hero and propelling him toward presidency;

- economic-acquisition of tribal land in Alabama by the United States

• Identifying the impact of the Trail of Tears on Alabama's Native Americans

• Describing natural resources of Alabama

Examples: water, trees, coal, iron, limestone, petroleum, natural gas, soil

• Describing the natural environment of Alabama

Examples: wildlife, vegetation, climate, bodies of water

• Describing human environments created by settlement

Examples: housing, roads, place names

• Explaining political and geographic reasons for changes in location of Alabama's state capital

• Identifying prominent political leaders during early statehood in Alabama

Examples: William Wyatt Bibb, Thomas Bibb, Israel Pickens, William Rufus King

Examples:

- cultural-housing, education, religion, recreation;

- economic-transportation, livelihood;

- political-inequity of legal codes

• Recognizing the impact of slavery on Alabama during the early nineteenth century

• Identifying major areas of agricultural production using an Alabama map

Example: cotton raised in the Black Belt and fertile river valleys

• Identifying Alabama's role in the organization of the Confederacy

Examples: secession convention, Montgomery as first state capital, inauguration ceremony for leaders

Examples: provision of supplies through the Port of Mobile; armament center at Selma; production of iron products, munitions, textiles, and ships

• Explaining resulting economic conditions of the Civil War, including the collapse of economic structure, destruction of the transportation infrastructure, and high casualty rates

Examples:

- political-military rule, presence of Freedmen's Bureau, Alabama's readmittance to the Union, sharecropping;

- social-carpetbaggers, scalawags, Ku Klux Klan (KKK);

- economic-sharecropping, scarcity of goods and money

• Describing the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States

• Identifying the role of African Americans in politics during Reconstruction in Alabama

Examples:

- Benjamin Sterling Turner, United States House of Representatives (1871-1873);

- Jeremiah Haralson, Alabama State Legislature (1870-1874) and United States House of Representatives (1875-1877);

- James Rapier, United States House of Representatives (1873-1875)

• Describing policies of major political parties in Alabama

Examples:

- social-implementation of "separate but equal" court decision (Plessy versus Ferguson), birth of National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) through Niagara Movement;

- educational-establishment of normal schools and land-grant colleges such as Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical (A & M) University, Auburn University, and Tuskegee University

• Explaining the development and changing role of industry, trade, and agriculture in Alabama during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including the rise of populism

• Explaining the impact of the voting rights revision in the Alabama Constitution of 1901, including Jim Crow Laws

Example: restriction of eligible voters

• Identifying Alabamians who made contributions in the fields of science, education, the arts, the military, politics, and business during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Examples:

- science-George Washington Carver, William Gorgas, Robert Van de Graff;

- education-Booker T. Washington, Julia Tutwiler, Helen Keller, Maria Fearing;

- arts-William Christopher (W. C.) Handy;

- military-Joe Wheeler, Richmond Pearson Hobson;

- politics-John Tyler Morgan, Patti Ruffner Jacobs, Thomas E. Kilby;

- business-William Pettiford

• Discussing cultural contributions from various regions of Alabama that contributed to the formation of a state heritage

Examples: folklore, folk art, vernacular architecture

Examples: migration of African Americans to the North and West, utilization of Alabama's military installations and training facilities, increased production of goods for war effort

• Recognizing Alabama participants in World War I

Example: Alabama Rainbow Division

• Identifying the use of new technology in World War I

Examples: airplanes, machine guns, chemical warfare

Examples:

- effects of 1920s-increase in availability of electricity and employment opportunities, increase in wages and product consumption, overproduction of goods, stock market crash;

- effects of Great Depression-overcropping of land, unemployment, poverty, establishment of new federal programs

• Describing effects of supply and demand on the economy

Examples: entry of women into workforce, increase in job opportunities, rationing, utilization of Alabama's military installations

• Recognizing Alabama participants in World War II

Examples: Tuskegee Airmen, women in the military

• Locating military bases in Alabama

• Identifying important people and events of the modern Civil Rights Movement

Examples:

- people-Martin Luther King, Jr., George C. Wallace, Rosa Parks;

- events-Montgomery bus boycott, Birmingham church bombing, Selma-to-Montgomery march

• Identifying benefits of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act

Examples: Korean Conflict, Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, War on Terrorism

• Recognizing Alabamians who have made significant contributions to society since 1950

Examples: Henry "Hank" Aaron, Hugo Black, Paul "Bear" Bryant, Nat "King" Cole, Marva Collins, Jeremiah Denton, A. G. Gaston, Mae C. Jemison, Harper Lee, Willie Mays, Harold (Hal) Moore, Thomas Moorer, Jesse Owens, Condoleezza Rice, Wernher von Braun, George C. Wallace, Lurleen B. Wallace, Hank Williams, Kathryn Tucker Windham

• Describing how technological advancements brought change to Alabamians during the twentieth century

Examples: improvement of quality of life and expanded employment opportunities through use of electricity, improvement of transportation through introduction of automobiles and airplanes, improvement of communication through use of satellites and cellular telephones

• Describing the growing influence of foreign-based companies