Science, Grade 9 - 12, Anatomy and Physiology Elective, 2005
1.) Use appropriate anatomical terminology.
Examples: proximal, superficial, medial, supine, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior
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2.) Identify anatomical body planes, body cavities, and abdominopelvic regions of the human body.
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3.) Classify major types of cells, including squamous, cuboidal, columnar, simple, and stratified.
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4.) Classify tissues as connective, muscular, nervous, or epithelial.
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5.) Identify anatomical structures and functions of the integumentary system.
• Identifying accessory organs
• Recognizing diseases and disorders of the integumentary system
Examples: decubitus ulcer, melanoma, psoriasis
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6.) Identify bones that compose the skeletal system.
• Identifying functions of the skeletal system
• Identifying subdivisions of the skeleton as axial and appendicular skeletons
• Classifying types of joints according to their movement
• Identifying the four bone types
• Identifying various types of skeletal system disorders
Examples: fractures, arthritis
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7.) Identify major muscles, including origins, insertions, and actions.
• Describing common types of body movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
• Classifying muscles based on functions in the body, including prime movers, antagonists, synergists, and fixators
• Comparing skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles based on their microscopic anatomy
• Identifying diseases and disorders of the muscular system
Examples: muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, strain
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8.) Identify structures of the nervous system.
• Explaining differences in the function of the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system
• Labeling parts of sensory organs, including the eye, ear, tongue, and skin receptors
• Recognizing diseases and disorders of the nervous system
Examples: Parkinson's disease, meningitis
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9.) Identify structures and functions of the cardiovascular system.
• Tracing the flow of blood through the body
• Identifying components of blood
• Describing blood cell formation
• Distinguishing among human blood groups
• Describing common cardiovascular diseases and disorders
Examples: myocardial infarction, mitral valve prolapse, varicose veins, arteriosclerosis
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10.) Identify structures and functions of the digestive system.
• Tracing the pathway of digestion from the mouth to the anus using diagrams
• Identifying disorders affecting the digestive system
Examples: ulcers, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis
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11.) Identify structures and functions of the respiratory system.
• Tracing the pathway of the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
• Recognizing common disorders of the respiratory system
Examples: asthma, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis
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12.) Identify structures and functions of the reproductive system.
• Differentiating between male and female reproductive systems
• Recognizing stages of pregnancy and fetal development
• Identifying disorders of the reproductive system
Examples: endometriosis, sexually transmitted diseases, prostate cancer
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13.) Identify structures and functions of the urinary system.
• Tracing the filtration of blood from the kidneys to the urethra
• Recognizing diseases and disorders of the urinary system
Examples: kidney stones, urinary tract infections
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14.) Identify the endocrine glands and their functions.
• Describing effects of hormones produced by the endocrine glands
• Identifying common disorders of the endocrine system
Examples: diabetes, goiter, hyperthyroidism
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15.) Identify physiological effects and components of the immune system.
• Contrasting active and passive immunity
• Evaluating the importance of vaccines
• Recognizing disorders and diseases of the immune system
Examples: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), acute lymphocytic leukemia
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