In Module 2, Topic C, students reconnect with previous work in Grade 8 involving categorical data. Students use a two-way frequency table to organize data on two categorical variables. Students calculate the conditional relative frequencies from the frequency table. They explore a possible association between two categorical variables using differences in conditional, relative frequencies. Students also come to understand the distinction between association between two categorical variables and a causal relationship between two variables. This provides a foundation for work on sampling and inference in later grades.
