Module 5, Topic A leads students first to Thales' theorem (an angle drawn from a diameter of a circle to a point on the circle is sure to be a right angle), then to possible converses of Thales' theorem, and finally to the general inscribed-central angle theorem. Students use this result to solve unknown-angle problems. Through this work, students construct triangles and rectangles inscribed in circles and study their properties.
In Module 5, Topic C, students explore geometric relations in diagrams of two secant lines, or a secant and tangent line (possibly even two tangent lines), meeting a point inside or outside of a circle. They establish the secant angle theorems and tangent-secant angle theorems. By drawing auxiliary lines, students also notice similar triangles and thereby discover relationships between lengths of line segments appearing in these diagrams.
Module 5 concludes with Topic E focusing on the properties of quadrilaterals inscribed in circles and establishing Ptolemy's theorem. This result codifies the Pythagorean theorem, curious facts about triangles, properties of the regular pentagon, and trigonometric relationships. It serves as a final unifying flourish for students' year-long study of geometry.
