ALEX Classroom Resource

  

Does Temperature Affect Dissolving?

  Classroom Resource Information  

Title:

 Does Temperature Affect Dissolving?

URL:

 https://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter5/lesson6

Content Source:

 Other
American Chemical Society
Type: Lesson/Unit Plan

Overview:

In this lesson, students will design an experiment to see if temperature affects the amount of dissolving of the sugar coating of an M&M.

Students will be able to identify and control variables to design an experiment to see whether the temperature of a solvent affects the speed at which a solute dissolves. Students will be able to explain, on the molecular level, why increasing temperature increases the rate of dissolving.

Content Standard(s):
Science
SC2015 (2015)
Grade: 8
Physical Science
2 ) Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

NAEP Framework
NAEP Statement::
P8.4c: Each element and compound has physical and chemical properties, such as boiling point, density, color, and conductivity, which are independent of the amount of the sample.†

NAEP Statement::
P8.5a: Substances are classified according to their physical and chemical properties.

NAEP Statement::
P8.5d: Acids are a class of compounds that exhibit common chemical properties, including a sour taste, characteristic color changes with litmus and other acid/base indicators, and the tendency to react with bases to produce a salt and water.

Unpacked Content
Scientific And Engineering Practices:
Planning and Carrying out Investigations
Crosscutting Concepts: Patterns
Disciplinary Core Idea: Matter and Its Interactions
Evidence Of Student Attainment:
Students:
  • Plan an investigation to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.
  • Carry out an investigation to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.
Teacher Vocabulary:
  • Investigation
  • Claims
  • Evidence
  • Substance
  • Matter
  • Composition
  • Property
  • Element
  • Compound
  • Pure substance
  • Characteristic properties
  • Physical property (includes, but not limited to, color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, solubility)
  • Chemical property (includes, but not limited to, flammability, reactivity with water, pH)
Knowledge:
Students know:
  • A substance is matter which has a specific composition and specific properties.
  • Every pure element is a substance. Every pure compound is a substance.
  • Pure substances have characteristic properties.
  • Characteristic properties are physical or chemical properties that are not affected by the amount or shape of a substance.
  • Characteristic properties can be used to identify a pure substance.
  • Physical properties of a substance are characteristics that can be observed without altering the identity (chemical nature) of the substance.
  • Color, odor, density, melting temperature, boiling temperature, and solubility are examples of physical properties.
  • Chemical properties of a substance are characteristics that can be observed but alter the identity (chemical nature) of the substance.
  • Flammability, reactivity with water, and pH are examples of chemical properties.
Skills:
Students are able to:
  • Identify the phenomena under investigation, which includes pure substances and their characteristic properties.
  • Identify the purpose of the investigation, which includes demonstrating that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.
  • Develop a plan for the investigation individually or collaboratively.
  • Describe factors used in the investigation including appropriate units (if necessary), independent and dependent variables, controls and number of trials for each experimental condition.
  • Perform the investigation as prescribed by the plan.
  • Make a claim, to be supported by evidence, to support or refute an explanation or model for a given phenomenon, including the idea that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.
  • Identify evidence to support the claim from the given materials.
  • Evaluate the evidence for its necessity and sufficiency for supporting the claim.
  • Use reasoning to connect the evidence and evaluation to the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.
Understanding:
Students understand that:
  • Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it.
  • Pure substances can be distinguished from other pure substances based on characteristic properties.
  • Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants.
AMSTI Resources:
AMSTI Module:
Exploring the Properties of Matter
Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
AAS Standard:
SCI.AAS.8.2- Identify characteristics that distinguish one pure substance from another (e.g., color, hardness, flammability).
Science
SC2015 (2015)
Grade: 8
Physical Science
4 ) Design and conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.

NAEP Framework
NAEP Statement::
P12.5: Changes of state require a transfer of energy. Water has a very high specific heat, meaning it can absorb a large amount of energy while producing only small changes in temperature.‡

NAEP Statement::
P12.8: Atoms and molecules that compose matter are in constant motion (translational, rotational, or vibrational).

NAEP Statement::
P8.1: Properties of solids, liquids, and gases are explained by a model of matter that is composed of tiny particles in motion.

NAEP Statement::
P8.6a: Changes of state are explained by a model of matter composed of tiny particles that are in motion.

NAEP Statement::
P8.6b: When substances undergo changes of state, neither atoms nor molecules themselves are changed in structure.

NAEP Statement::
P8.6c: Mass is conserved when substances undergo changes of state.

Unpacked Content
Scientific And Engineering Practices:
Planning and Carrying out Investigations
Crosscutting Concepts: Systems and System Models
Disciplinary Core Idea: Matter and Its Interactions
Evidence Of Student Attainment:
Students:
  • Design an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed from a system.
  • Conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed from a system.
Teacher Vocabulary:
  • Particle motion
  • Temperature
  • State [of Matter]
  • Pure substance
  • Thermal Energy
  • Kinetic Energy
  • System
Knowledge:
Students know:
  • Changes in particle motion of a pure substance occur when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.
  • Changes in temperature of a pure substance occur when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.
  • Changes in state of a pure substance occur when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.
Skills:
Students are able to:
  • Identify the phenomena under investigation, which includes changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.
  • Identify the purpose of the investigation, which includes determining changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.
  • Develop a plan for the investigation individually or collaboratively.
  • Describe factors used in the investigation including appropriate units (if necessary), independent and dependent variables, controls and number of trials for each experimental condition.
  • Perform the investigation as prescribed by the plan.
  • Use data from the investigation to provide an causal account of the relationship between the addition of removal of thermal energy from a substance and the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Understanding:
Students understand that:
  • Adding or removing thermal energy from a system causes changes in particle motion of a pure substance.
  • Adding or removing thermal energy from a system causes changes in temperature of a pure substance.
  • Adding or removing thermal energy from a system causes changes in state of a pure substance.
AMSTI Resources:
AMSTI Module:
Exploring the Properties of Matter
Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
AAS Standard:
SCI.AAS.8.4- Recognize that changes in temperature can cause changes in the state of matter of a substance; recognize that these changes are a result of changes in particle motion.
Tags: dissolve, molecular level, solvent, substance, temperature
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Author: Stephanie Carver